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How does a PNP transistor differ in use from an NPN?

  • A.Its current gain is inherently lower than an NPN's
  • B.It cannot be operated in the saturation region
  • C.Its base must be driven with alternating current
  • D.Every current and voltage is reversed in sign

Answer: D

A PNP is the mirror image: the base is driven negative of the emitter, the collector sits negative of both, and all the currents flow the other way. Its gain tends to be a little lower in practice because hole mobility is lower than electron mobility, but that is a physical detail rather than a rule of use. Saturation works identically. Complementary devices let a designer choose which supply rail a stage hangs from, which is the whole basis of push-pull output stages.

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