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For a germanium transistor, which of the following is not a sufficient magnitude of VBB to provide the necessary forward emitter-base bias?

  • A.\(V_{BB} = 0.7\) V
  • B.\(0.7\text{V} \gt V_{BB} \gt 0.2\text{V}\)
  • C.\(V_{BB} \lt 0.2\) V
  • D.\(V_{BB} \gt 0.7\) V

Answer: C

The insufficient bias is \(V_{BB} \lt 0.2\) V.

A germanium junction needs a forward voltage of about 0.2 to 0.3 V before appreciable current flows (a silicon junction needs about 0.7 V). A base supply below 0.2 V cannot overcome the emitter-base barrier, so the transistor stays cut off.

0.7 V, anything above 0.7 V, and the range between 0.2 V and 0.7 V all reach or exceed the germanium cut-in voltage, so they can provide the forward bias the question asks about.

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