Discussion
For effective working as an amplifier Base-emitter and Base-collector junctions of a BJT should be biased as :
Answer: D
For amplification the junctions are biased forward and reverse respectively.
In the active region the base-emitter junction is forward biased, so the emitter injects carriers into the thin base, and the base-collector junction is reverse biased, so its field sweeps those carriers into the collector. The collector current is then controlled by the base current and nearly independent of the collector voltage, which is what makes the transistor an amplifier.
Both junctions forward biased is saturation, both reverse biased is cut-off (the two states used in switching), and reverse-forward is the inverse active mode, which gives very poor gain.
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