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What is thermal runaway?

  • A.Current and temperature reinforcing one another to destruction
  • B.The junction temperature exceeding its rated maximum during a brief overload
  • C.The collector current falling away as the device warms beyond its rating
  • D.The gain of a stage drifting upward as the equipment reaches its working temperature

Answer: A

Runaway is a closed positive feedback loop: more current makes more heat, more heat makes more current, and unless something in the circuit opposes it the device destroys itself. A brief overload is an overstress rather than a runaway, current falling would be self-limiting, and gain drift is a symptom of the same effects at a harmless level. Identifying the loop, rather than any single effect, is what makes the phenomenon predictable. The parameter that varies and the parameter that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.

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