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What breaks the thermal runaway loop in an emitter-biased stage?

  • A.The divider's Thevenin resistance rises as the components warm up
  • B.The rising emitter voltage reduces the forward bias
  • C.The collector resistor limits the current available from the supply rail
  • D.The base-emitter junction's leakage current saturates at high temperatures

Answer: B

As collector current rises, the emitter resistor's drop rises and eats into the base-emitter forward bias, reducing the current - negative feedback acting against the thermal positive feedback. The collector resistor limits the extreme but does not regulate, leakage does not saturate, and the divider's resistance barely moves. A positive feedback loop is beaten by putting a stronger negative one around it, which is the general remedy. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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