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A stage's collector sits at the supply voltage. What is the operating point?

  • A.Just above cut-off
  • B.Cut-off
  • C.Saturation, with the device conducting as heavily as the load allows
  • D.The middle of the load line, which is where a linear stage belongs

Answer: B

No drop across the collector resistor means no collector current, so the device is cut off - an open base circuit, a missing divider resistor, or no bias at all. Saturation would put the collector near the emitter, and mid-line would put it near half supply. Reading the collector voltage alone distinguishes all three states, which makes it the first measurement to take on any suspect stage.

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