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Consider the following statements about voltage divider bias.

1. The divider must be stiff compared with the impedance looking into the base

2. The emitter resistor provides negative feedback against thermal drift

3. A stiffer divider costs supply current and input impedance

Which of the statements given above is or are correct?

  • A.1 and 2 only
  • B.2 and 3 only
  • C.1 and 3 only
  • D.1, 2 and 3

Answer: D

All three are correct, and together they describe both what makes the arrangement work and what it costs. The stiffness condition and the emitter feedback are the two mechanisms, and the loading penalty is the price. Any design rule expressed as a comparison - here divider resistance against reflected impedance - has a cost on the other side of the comparison, and stating both is what makes the rule usable. Working one numerical case through both schemes side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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