Discussion
A stage is specified as follows.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Base voltage | 2.8 V |
| Emitter resistor | 1 k |
| Collector resistor | 3.3 k |
What is the approximate collector-emitter voltage on a 12 V supply?
Answer: D
The emitter current follows from the base voltage, and both resistors then drop the supply:
\[ \begin{aligned} I_{E} &= \frac{2.8-0.7}{1000} = 2.1 \ \mathrm{mA} \\ V_{CE} &= 12 - 2.1\mathrm{m}(4300) \approx 3.0 \ \mathrm{V} \end{aligned} \]
giving about 3 volts - usable but low, and a smaller collector resistor would centre the point. Reading a table means seeing which values combine and in what order. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.
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