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What limits the positive output swing of a common-emitter stage?

  • A.The supply voltage the collector can rise to
  • B.The saturation voltage the device can fall to when fully driven
  • C.The base current the driving stage is able to deliver at its peak
  • D.The emitter bypass capacitor's reactance at the lowest frequency

Answer: A

The collector cannot go above the supply, so the upward swing is the difference between the supply and the quiescent collector voltage. Saturation voltage limits the downward swing instead. Base current and capacitor reactance limit the drive and the low-frequency response rather than the swing. Because the two directions are limited by different things, both have to be computed before the available output is known. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.

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