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Match each measure with what it would improve.

List I

A. Larger emitter resistor

B. Stiffer base divider

C. Emitter returned to a negative supply

List II

P. Stability against temperature

Q. Independence from beta

R. Output swing at unchanged stability

Select the correct match.

  • A.A-P, B-Q, C-R
  • B.A-Q, B-P, C-R
  • C.A-R, B-Q, C-P
  • D.A-P, B-R, C-Q

Answer: A

The pairing is A-P, B-Q, C-R. Each measure attacks a different weakness, which is why a well-designed stage uses more than one of them: the emitter resistor for thermal feedback, the divider stiffness for beta immunity, and the negative supply to escape the headroom cost of the first. Matching a remedy to the specific weakness it addresses is what stops a design accumulating components that all do the same job. The shared properties explain why these schemes form a family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.

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