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Two candidate bias designs are compared for the same stage.

ParameterDesign ADesign B
Emitter drop0.3 V1.5 V
Collector swing5 V3.8 V
Stability factor61.4

Which design would suit a stage that must work over a wide temperature range?

  • A.Neither, since both differ in more than one parameter at the same time
  • B.Both equally, because the two effects offset one another in practice
  • C.Design B, for its much lower stability factor
  • D.Design A, because its larger collector swing gives more usable output

Answer: C

Over temperature the operating point's drift dominates, so Design B's stability factor of 1.4 against 6 is decisive, and the 1.2 volts of swing given up is a fair price. Design A would be the better choice where the temperature is controlled and the output swing is the binding constraint. A comparison becomes decidable only once the application names which parameter is limiting, and this table is readable either way without that. Working one numerical case through both schemes side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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