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Boundary-layer separation occurs when

  • A.The wall velocity gradient falls to zero
  • B.The free-stream velocity reaches the speed of sound
  • C.The boundary layer becomes turbulent
  • D.The surface becomes perfectly smooth

Answer: A

Separation is defined by the wall shear stress vanishing, which happens when the velocity gradient at the surface reaches zero. Beyond that point the flow near the wall reverses and the layer lifts away from the surface, leaving a wake of low-energy fluid behind it.

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