Discussion
Assertion (A): Skin friction is higher on a turbulent boundary layer than on a laminar one.
Reason (R): The turbulent velocity profile is fuller, giving a steeper gradient at the wall.
Select the correct answer from the options below.
Answer: B
Both are true and the second is the reason for the first. Shear stress at the wall is the viscosity times the velocity gradient there, and the fuller turbulent profile makes that gradient much steeper. On a long streamlined body the difference can be a factor of five or more.
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