Discussion
Consider the following statements about boundary-layer separation:
1. It occurs where the velocity gradient at the wall falls to zero.
2. It requires an adverse pressure gradient.
3. It always occurs wherever the pressure gradient is adverse.
Which of the statements given above is or are correct?
Answer: C
The first two are correct. The third overstates the case: an adverse gradient is necessary but not sufficient, and a turbulent layer often negotiates a mild pressure rise without separating at all. The gradient must be steep enough to drive the wall shear to zero.
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