Discussion
Match each boundary-layer quantity in List I with its meaning in List II.
List I
A. Displacement thickness
B. Momentum thickness
C. Shape factor
D. Wall shear stress
List II
1. Directly related to the friction drag accumulated so far
2. The outward shift of the external streamlines
3. Viscosity times the velocity gradient at the surface
4. The ratio of the first two thicknesses, watched as a separation indicator
Select the correct match.
Answer: B
The three integral quantities each answer a different question -- how much the body is effectively thickened, how much drag has been generated, and how close the profile is to separating -- while the wall shear stress is the local quantity from which the friction drag is built up.
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