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Discussion

Match each surface condition in List I with its consequence in List II.

List I

A. Roughness buried in the laminar sublayer

B. Roughness protruding through the sublayer

C. A favourable pressure gradient

D. A steep adverse pressure gradient

List II

1. Skin friction rises sharply

2. The surface behaves as hydraulically smooth

3. Separation

4. Transition is delayed and the layer stays attached

Select the correct match.

  • A.A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
  • B.A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
  • C.A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
  • D.A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

Answer: B

The first pair shows that roughness matters only in relation to the sublayer's own thickness, not in absolute terms. The second pair shows the pressure gradient acting as the other main lever, holding the layer on in one direction and tearing it off in the other.

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