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The reason d'Alembert's paradox does not describe real flows is that

  • A.Real flows are always compressible
  • B.Real bodies are never symmetric
  • C.The paradox assumes the flow is turbulent
  • D.Real fluids are viscous, so a wake forms

Answer: D

The paradox follows correctly from inviscid, attached, steady flow with no wake, and its resolution is precisely that real fluids form boundary layers which leave a wake behind. Prandtl's 1904 hypothesis is what reconciled the mathematics with the observed drag.

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