Discussion
A tunnel is planned at 2 km depth in an area with a normal geothermal gradient. The designer should expect rock temperatures near
Answer: A
Correct answer: 80 degrees, requiring ventilation and cooling
A normal gradient of about 30 degrees per kilometre on a surface temperature of 20 gives \( 20 + 60 = 80 \) degrees at 2 km. That is well beyond what can be worked in unaided, so ventilation and refrigeration become part of the design and a substantial part of the cost.
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