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A column is rigidly clamped at each end. What effective length factor applies?

  • A.One half
  • B.One
  • C.Two
  • D.Zero point seven

Answer: A

Clamping both ends halves the effective length, so the critical load is four times the pinned-pinned value. Real end fittings never achieve full fixity, so a factor between the theoretical value and one is normally assumed in design.

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