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Euler's formula becomes invalid for short columns because it predicts

  • A.A stress the material cannot reach
  • B.A critical stress of zero
  • C.A negative critical load
  • D.An infinite effective length

Answer: A

Below a transition slenderness the formula returns a stress the material cannot reach elastically, so the column yields or crushes before it buckles. The inelastic range is covered by empirical or tangent modulus treatments instead.

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