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If the cross elasticity of demand for two goods is negative, then they are :

  • A.Complements
  • B.Substitutes
  • C.Luxuries
  • D.Consumer goods

Answer: A

Goods with a negative cross elasticity of demand are complements.

Cross elasticity measures how the quantity demanded of good X responds to a change in the price of good Y:

\[ e_{xy} = \frac{\%\ \Delta Q_{x}}{\%\ \Delta P_{y}} \]

For complements such as cars and petrol, a rise in the price of one reduces the demand for both, so the sign is negative. For substitutes such as tea and coffee, a rise in the price of one raises the demand for the other, so the sign is positive. Luxuries are defined by a high income elasticity, and consumer goods is a broad class, so neither is identified by the sign of cross elasticity.

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