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Which of the following formulas can be used to calculate Marginal Utility (MU) ?

  • A.TU/N
  • B.TU - AU
  • C.AU × N
  • D.\(TU_{n} - TU_{n-1}\)

Answer: D

Marginal utility is calculated as \(TU_{n} - TU_{n-1}\).

Marginal utility is the addition to total utility from consuming one more unit of a good. It is therefore the total utility after n units minus the total utility after n - 1 units. If total utility is 30 after three cups of tea and 36 after four, the marginal utility of the fourth cup is 36 - 30 = 6.

The other formulas give different quantities. TU/N is average utility, the total divided by the number of units. AU × N multiplies average utility back up to total utility. TU - AU has no economic meaning and does not give the utility of the extra unit.

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