Discussion
By convention, which type of error is considered to be more serious ?
Answer: B
By convention, a Type I error is considered more serious.
A Type I error is rejecting a null hypothesis that is true; a Type II error is failing to reject a false one. The conventional testing procedure fixes the probability of a Type I error in advance at a small level of significance (alpha, typically 5% or 1%) and then tries to minimise the Type II error, which shows that the Type I error is the one treated as more serious, as in the legal principle of not convicting an innocent person.
The other options do not reflect this asymmetric convention.
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