Discussion
A sampling in which every member of the population has a calculable and non-zero probability of being included in the sample is known as :
Answer: A
It is probability sampling.
In probability (random) sampling every member of the population has a known, calculable and non-zero chance of selection. This allows the sampling error to be estimated and results to be generalised to the population. Simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster and multistage sampling are its forms.
Non-probability sampling, such as quota, convenience and judgement sampling, does not give every member a known chance. Multistage sampling is one design within probability sampling, not the general name the definition describes.
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