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A residue is worth processing into a by-product when

  • A.The process is technically possible
  • B.The residue would otherwise be burnt
  • C.Product value exceeds collection and processing cost
  • D.The residue is available in any quantity

Answer: C

Correct answer: Product value exceeds collection and processing cost

A by-product route is worth pursuing when it pays, and that means the value of the product must exceed the cost of gathering the residue and converting it. Technical feasibility is necessary but nowhere near sufficient - a great many routes work in the laboratory and lose money at scale.

Collection cost is what defeats most schemes, because residues are bulky, low in density and often scattered. This is why residues arising concentrated at a mill are far more attractive than the same material spread across many fields.

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