Discussion
Arrange these by-product routes in order of increasing processing complexity:
1. Direct combustion of the residue as boiler fuel
2. Briquetting followed by combustion
3. Anaerobic digestion to biogas
4. Pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis to ethanol
Select the correct sequence.
Answer: C
Correct answer: 1, 2, 3, 4
Complexity rises through the list. Direct combustion (1) needs only a furnace. Briquetting before combustion (2) adds a compaction step with its own energy and equipment cost.
Anaerobic digestion (3) requires a sealed digester, temperature control, retention times measured in weeks and management of a living microbial population. Pretreatment with enzymatic hydrolysis to ethanol (4) is the most demanding of all, needing two conversion stages before fermentation can even begin, plus distillation afterwards.
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