Discussion
The primary purpose of an associative cache is to
Answer: B
An associative cache is mainly meant to reduce conflict misses.
In a direct-mapped cache each memory block can live in only one cache line, so two blocks that map to the same line keep evicting each other even when the rest of the cache is empty. These are conflict misses. A set-associative or fully associative cache lets a block go into any of several lines (or any line), so such collisions largely disappear.
Compulsory misses, the first access to a block, happen whatever the organisation. Capacity misses come from the cache being too small and are cut by a larger cache, not by associativity. Write-back traffic depends on the write policy.
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