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Discussion

The chief ethical argument advanced for developing better cell culture systems is that they may

  • A.make experiments considerably cheaper to run
  • B.allow results to be published more quickly
  • C.remove the need for any regulation at all
  • D.reduce the number of animals used in research

Answer: D

Replacement is the first of the three principles of humane animal research, alongside reduction and refinement. Cost and speed are real advantages but are not the ethical argument. The three principles are replacement, reduction and refinement.

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