Discussion
A typical receptor senses extracellular stimuli by virtue of its localization on plasma membrane. The receptor to which of the following ligands is an exception to this rule?
Answer: C
The exception is the receptor for Estrogen.
Estrogen is a steroid: small and lipid-soluble, it diffuses through the plasma membrane and binds its receptor inside the cell, in the cytoplasm or nucleus. The hormone-receptor complex then acts as a transcription factor, binding estrogen response elements in DNA.
The other ligands are water-soluble and cannot cross the membrane, so their receptors sit on the cell surface: GABA acts on GABAA (ion channel) and GABAB receptors, acetylcholine on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, and luteinizing hormone on a G protein-coupled receptor.
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