Discussion
As part of the circadian clock, transfer of phosphate groups from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to PER is required. This is achieved by one of the following :
Answer: A
PER is phosphorylated by Caesin kinase 1 (casein kinase 1).
In the circadian clock, PERIOD proteins accumulate and are progressively phosphorylated by casein kinase 1: Doubletime (DBT) in Drosophila, CK1ε and CK1δ in mammals. The phosphorylation times PER's degradation and its entry into the nucleus, and so sets the length of the cycle. The hamster tau mutation, which shortens the period, is a CK1ε mutation.
Casein kinase 2 also phosphorylates clock proteins, but CK1 is the kinase textbooks name for PER. PER is phosphorylated on serines and threonines, so tyrosine kinases are not involved.
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