Discussion
The soundness test on cement, using the Le Chatelier apparatus, detects
Answer: D
Correct answer: excess free lime or magnesia causing later expansion
Free lime and magnesia hydrate very slowly, long after the concrete has hardened, and the hydration products occupy more volume than the oxides, so the hardened paste expands and disrupts. The Le Chatelier test accelerates this by boiling the specimen and measures the expansion. It detects a delayed fault, which is why it cannot be replaced by a setting or strength test.
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