Discussion
Can the Indian federal system become unitary?
I) During the external emergency
II) If supported by the majority in the Loksabha
III) On proposal supported by a two third majority in both houses of the parliament
IV) During the presidential election
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer: A
The answer is only I, during the external emergency.
During a national emergency under Article 352, declared on grounds of war or external aggression, the federal system can work in a unitary way: Parliament can legislate on State List subjects (Article 250), the Union can give directions to any state (Article 353), and the financial distribution can be altered.
A majority in the Lok Sabha does not change the federal distribution of powers. The two-thirds resolution in statement III is not how unitary features operate: Article 249 needs a resolution of the Rajya Sabha alone, and only for particular subjects. A presidential election has no effect on the federal structure, so options including II, III or IV are wrong.
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