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Who among the following called Indian Federalism a "co-operative federalism"?

  • A.K.C. Wheare
  • B.Morris Jones
  • C.Granville Austin
  • D.Ivor Jennings

Answer: C

Indian federalism was called co-operative federalism by Granville Austin.

Granville Austin, in The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation (1966), described the Indian system as co-operative federalism: a strong Centre that does not weaken the states, with both working together through shared institutions.

K.C. Wheare called India 'quasi-federal', a unitary state with subsidiary federal features. Morris-Jones described it as 'bargaining federalism'. Ivor Jennings described India as a federation with a strong centralising tendency.

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