Discussion
Who among the following called Indian Federalism a "co-operative federalism"?
Answer: C
Indian federalism was called co-operative federalism by Granville Austin.
Granville Austin, in The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation (1966), described the Indian system as co-operative federalism: a strong Centre that does not weaken the states, with both working together through shared institutions.
K.C. Wheare called India 'quasi-federal', a unitary state with subsidiary federal features. Morris-Jones described it as 'bargaining federalism'. Ivor Jennings described India as a federation with a strong centralising tendency.
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