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X-ray diffraction identifies a material by measuring

  • A.the angles at which planes of atoms scatter in phase
  • B.the mass of every individual particle in the sample
  • C.the colour of the ground powder under white light
  • D.the temperature at which the whole sample melts

Answer: A

Each crystalline phase has its own set of spacings and therefore its own pattern of peaks, which serves as a fingerprint. It identifies phases rather than elements, which is exactly what distinguishes it from a chemical analysis. Two samples of identical composition can give quite different patterns.

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