Discussion
Assertion (A): Industrial ammonia synthesis is run hotter than equilibrium alone would suggest.
Reason (R): The reaction rate at the temperature giving the best equilibrium yield would be uneconomically slow.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason states the compromise. Ammonia synthesis is exothermic, so equilibrium favours low temperature - but at low temperature the rate over the iron catalyst is negligible and the reactor would need to be impossibly large. The plant runs at 400 to 500 degrees, accepting a poorer equilibrium for a workable rate, and recovers the yield by using high pressure and recycling the unconverted gas.
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