Discussion
What is the basis of most useful classification of medications in medical chemistry?
Answer: B
The most useful basis is molecular targets.
Drugs can be classified by pharmacological effect (such as analgesics), by drug action on a biochemical process, by chemical structure, or by molecular target, the enzyme or receptor the drug binds to. As NCERT's chemistry textbook puts it, classification by molecular targets is the most useful one for medicinal chemists, because drugs acting on the same target tend to share structural features.
Pharmacological effect is useful to doctors, and chemical structure groups drugs that may act quite differently, so neither is the most useful for medicinal chemistry.
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