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Bujho wants to set up a circuit for the purification of copper. Which of the following electrodes and solutions should he opt for?

  • A.Anode-Impure copper; Cathode-Pure copper; Solution-Water
  • B.Anode-Carbon; Cathode-Pure copper; Solution-Copper sulphate
  • C.Anode-Impure copper; Cathode-Pure copper; Solution-Copper sulphate
  • D.Anode-Pure copper; Cathode-Impure copper; Solution-Copper sulphate

Answer: C

Bujho should use Anode-Impure copper; Cathode-Pure copper; Solution-Copper sulphate.

In electrolytic refining, the impure metal is made the anode and a thin strip of pure metal the cathode, with a solution of a salt of the same metal as electrolyte. Copper dissolves from the impure anode as Cu2+ ions, travels through the copper sulphate solution and is deposited as pure copper on the cathode; impurities fall to the bottom as anode mud.

Water alone (A) does not supply copper ions or conduct well. A carbon anode (B) does not dissolve, so the impure copper is never refined. Reversing the electrodes (D) would deposit copper on the impure strip.

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