Discussion
In a step down chopper using pulse width modulation, \(T_{ON} = 9 \times 10^{-3}\) s and \(T_{OFF} = 1 \times 10^{-3}\) s. The chopping frequency is :
Answer: D
The chopping frequency is 100 Hz.
The chopping period is the on time plus the off time, and the frequency is its reciprocal:
\[ \begin{aligned} T &= T_{ON} + T_{OFF} = 9 + 1 = 10\ \text{ms} \\ f &= \frac{1}{T} = \frac{1}{10 \times 10^{-3}} = 100\ \text{Hz} \end{aligned} \]
The duty cycle is 9/10 = 0.9, so a step down chopper gives an average output of 0.9 times the input. The option 1000 Hz is \(1/T_{OFF}\), and 200 Hz and 500 Hz do not follow from the given times.
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