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The knowledge of Vyāpti can be attained by

  • A.Tarka
  • B.Bhūyodarśana
  • C.Sāmānyalakṣaṇapratyakṣa
  • D.All of the above

Answer: D

Vyapti, the invariable concomitance between two things, can be attained by all of the above, so the answer is D.

Observation of many cases of the two together without any exception (bhuyodarsana) is the base. Tarka, the reasoning that shows the absurdity of the contrary, removes the doubt that some exception may exist. Samanyalaksana pratyaksa, the perception through the universal, lets the mind apprehend the relation as holding in all cases of the two classes.

Each of the three is a stage in the Nyaya account of how vyapti is known, so choosing only one (A, B or C) leaves the process incomplete.

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