Discussion
Which of the following are materialists (Jadavādi) ?
Answer: C
The materialists are the Çarvākas.
The Carvaka or Lokayata school holds that only what is perceived exists, and that the world, including consciousness, is made of the four elements: earth, water, fire and air. Consciousness arises from their combination in the body, as intoxicating power arises from fermented ingredients, and ends with death. There is no soul, no God and no afterlife. This is materialism (jadavada) in the strict sense.
The Naiyayikas and Vaisheshikas are realists who accept atoms but also eternal souls and God, so they are not materialists. The Advaitins hold that Brahman, pure consciousness, alone is real, the very opposite of materialism.
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