Discussion
Which among the following schools rejects anūmāna as a valid source of knowledge ?
Answer: D
The school that rejects anumana is the Cārvāka.
The Carvakas accept perception (pratyaksha) as the only valid source of knowledge. They argue that inference depends on vyapti, an invariable universal relation between the middle term and the major term, such as 'wherever there is smoke there is fire'. Such a universal relation can never be established, since we cannot perceive all cases, so inference is at best probable and not a valid pramana.
Nyaya accepts four pramanas, including inference, and its logic is built on it. Jainism and Buddhism also accept inference; Buddhism recognises perception and inference as the two pramanas.
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