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Which of the following principles is not mentioned by Rāmānuja in Tattvatraya ?

  • A.Spirit (Cit)
  • B.Matter (Acit)
  • C.Time (Kāla)
  • D.God (Īs'vara)

Answer: C

The principle not in Rāmānuja's Tattvatraya is Time (Kāla).

The Tattvatraya, the 'three reals' of Viṣiṣṭādvaita, are cit (conscious individual souls), acit (non-conscious matter) and Īśvara (God), with souls and matter forming the body of God.

Time is accepted in Rāmānuja's ontology, but as one of the non-conscious substances, so it falls under acit rather than standing as a separate principle of the triad. Spirit, matter and God are exactly the three that the doctrine names.

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