Discussion
According to Jaina Dars'ana, Dravya (Substance) has ................ and .............
Answer: B
In Jaina philosophy a substance has guṇa and paryāya, qualities and modes.
Umāsvāti's Tattvārtha Sūtra defines substance as that which possesses qualities and modes (guṇa-paryāyavad dravyam). Qualities are the permanent attributes that stay with the substance; modes are its changing states, which arise and pass away. This is how the Jainas hold that reality is both permanent and changing.
Sāmānya (universal) and viśeṣa (particularity) are separate categories (padārthas) of the Vaiśeṣika system, not Jaina attributes of substance, so the options pairing them are wrong.
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