Discussion
Which of the following is true about the Buddhist theory of Anumāna ?
(1) Hetu is Trilakṣaṇātmaka
(2) Vyāpti is derived from tādātmya and tadutpatti
(3) Anupalabdhi anumāna is a variety of anumana
(4) Asatpratipaksatva is one of the conditions of good hetu
Options :
Answer: C
The true statements about the Buddhist theory of inference are (1), (2) and (3).
(1) For Diṅnāga and Dharmakīrti, a valid reason (hetu) has three marks (trairūpya): it is present in the subject, present in similar cases and absent from dissimilar cases. (2) Dharmakīrti grounds invariable concomitance in identity (tādātmya) or causality (tadutpatti). (3) Non-apprehension (anupalabdhi) is one of his three kinds of valid reason, with identity and effect.
(4) is false for the Buddhists: absence of a counter-balancing reason (asatpratipakṣatva) is one of the five marks of a good reason in Nyāya, which adds it and non-contradiction to the Buddhist three.
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