Discussion
Match the Indian philosophers with the philosophical positions they hold in interpreting the Veda. Mark the correct answer from the codes given below :
| I | II |
|---|---|
| (i) Sankaracarya | (a) The doctrine of identity-in-difference |
| (ii) Madhavacarya | (b) Matter and souls are different from each other and from God |
| (iii) Ramanujacarya | (c) Individual soul is an attribute of God and forms a part of His Body |
| (iv) Nimbarkacarya | (d) Ultimate Reality is unqualified Brahman |
Answer: A
The match is i-d, ii-b, iii-c, iv-a.
Śaṅkarācārya's Advaita holds that ultimate reality is unqualified (nirguṇa) Brahman. Madhvācārya (printed 'Madhavacarya') taught Dvaita, the fivefold difference between God, souls and matter. Rāmānujācārya's Viśiṣṭādvaita treats souls and matter as the body and attributes of God. Nimbārkācārya taught Dvaitādvaita, identity-in-difference (bhedābheda).
The other codes give Śaṅkara a qualified God or put Madhva with identity-in-difference, which reverses his strict dualism.
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