Discussion
Assertion (A): Bentonite swells enormously in water while kaolin does not.
Reason (R): The two-to-one layers of montmorillonite admit water between them, whereas kaolinite layers are hydrogen bonded together.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason is the structural cause. Montmorillonite is a 2:1 mineral - an octahedral sheet between two tetrahedral ones - and the interlayer is weakly held, so water and hydrated cations enter it and force the layers apart. Kaolinite is 1:1 with hydrogen bonding directly between successive layers, which holds them together and leaves no interlayer to swell.
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