Discussion
Assertion (A): Adding sodium silicate to a clay slip disperses it.
Reason (R): Sodium replaces calcium on the clay surfaces and raises the effective surface charge.
Answer: C
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason is the mechanism. Deflocculation works by making the particles repel one another: sodium ions replace the divalent calcium on the exchange sites, and because a single charge holds the double layer less tightly than a double one, the layer expands and the particles are kept apart. The slip then flows at a much lower water content, which is what casting requires.
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