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Assertion (A): A long spin-up is needed before a coupled model experiment can begin.
Reason (R): The deep ocean equilibrates over centuries and drift would otherwise contaminate the result.

  • A.A is false but R is true
  • B.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  • C.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • D.A is true but R is false

Answer: B

Both are true and the reason gives the necessity, and residual drift is usually removed by subtracting a parallel control run. Without that subtraction a slow trend in the model itself could be mistaken for a response to the forcing applied.

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