Discussion
Match each component of the climate system with a characteristic response time.
List I
A. Atmosphere
B. Ocean mixed layer
C. Deep ocean
D. Ice sheets
List II
1. centuries to a millennium
2. days to weeks
3. thousands of years
4. months to a few years
Answer: B
Correct answer: A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
Response time rises with heat capacity and with how slowly each reservoir is stirred. The atmosphere adjusts in days to weeks; the ocean mixed layer, being stirred by the wind but far more massive, in months to a few years; the deep ocean, ventilated only slowly, in centuries to a millennium; and the great ice sheets in thousands of years. That spread is why the system is never in equilibrium with its forcing.
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