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An external forcing of the climate system is one that

  • A.is always caused by some human activity
  • B.acts only on the atmosphere itself
  • C.originates outside the system itself
  • D.arises from interactions within the system

Answer: C

Volcanic aerosol, orbital changes and solar variability are the natural examples, and greenhouse gas emissions the anthropogenic one. Internal variability by contrast needs no forcing at all. Solar and volcanic are the natural cases.

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